Light emitting diodes, commonly called LEDs, are real unsung heroes in the electronics world. They do many different jobs in all kinds of devices. They form numbers on digital clocks, transmit information from remote controls, light up watches and tell you when your appliances are turned on. Collected together, they can form images on a jumbo television screen or illuminate a traffic light.
The LED lighting is the kind of lamp that has a LED bulb. Such a bulb does not have a filament like a conventional bulb, but it uses LED technology. Despite this difference LED lighting has the same usage and function as the lighting with classical filament bulbs.
Structurally, Light-Emitting Diode (LED) represents a component in which the contacted chip (or combination of chips) is sprayed with a material with the desired optical properties (LEDs are produced in point or diffuse design, with different beam angles). The contacts can be surface mounted (SMD) or flexible.
Multiple LED Module assemblies in a single housing can have separate contacts for each chip, common anode or cathode, or antiparallel, or they can have control electronics on the chip (for example, color-changing or flashing LEDs).
The basic single-crystal diodes are usually covered with spherical caps made of epoxy resin or acrylic polyester. Indeed, the materials from which LED Modules are made have a relatively high refractive index and a large part of the light emitted would be reflected by total reflection back at the planar interface with the air.
Compared to other electrical light sources (bulb, discharge lamp, glow lamp), LEDs have the advantage of working with relatively low current and voltage values. This implies their use in displays (in the form of digits and letters). By combining the base colors (red, green, blue) it is also possible to obtain color screens.
Basically, LEDs are just tiny light bulbs that fit easily into an electrical circuit. But unlike incandescent bulbs, they don't have filaments that burn out, they use less electricity, and they don't get especially hot. They're illuminated solely by the movement of electrons in a semiconductor material, and they last just as long as a standard transistor. The life span of an LED surpasses the short life of an incandescent bulb by thousands of hours. Because of these advantages, tiny LEDs are one of the most popular technologies used to light LCD TVs.
LEDs have several advantages over conventional incandescent lamps, but their main advantage is efficiency. In incandescent bulbs, the light-production process involves generating a lot of heat (the filament must be warmed to illuminate). This energy is completely wasted unless you're using the lamp as a heater, because a huge portion of the available electricity isn't going toward producing visible light. LEDs generate very little heat, relatively speaking. A much higher percentage of the electrical energy is going directly to generating light, which cuts down the electricity demands considerably.
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